India, leading the world in milk production, recently saw a significant development with the FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) issuing a directive to remove A1/A2 labels from milk products. This regulation was aimed at ensuring consumers received clear and accurate information about their milk, avoiding any confusion caused by the A1/A2 labeling. However, just a few days later, on August 26, 2024, the government decided to withdraw this notification. Despite the withdrawal, the discussions around it have brought important issues to light regarding native cow breeds and sustainable dairy practices.
The FSSAI's decision to initially discontinue the A1/A2 labeling of milk products was part of a broader plan to standardize food labeling and improve market transparency. The move was intended to simplify the information available to consumers, ensuring they weren’t misled by complex labels. A1 and A2 refer to the types of beta-casein protein in milk, with A2 milk, derived from native Indian breeds like Gir, Sahiwal, and Kankrej, often being touted as easier to digest. In contrast, A1 milk is more commonly associated with European breeds like Holstein, which have been more recently introduced to Indian dairy farms.
Despite this, the swift withdrawal of the notification indicates the government's recognition of the broader implications, particularly concerning the conservation of native cow breeds and the sustainability of dairy farming practices. Native Indian breeds are crucial for maintaining agricultural biodiversity in India. They are well-adapted to local climates and farming conditions, offering resilience and sustainability that newer, imported breeds often lack. These breeds also play a key role in promoting biodiversity and supporting sustainable agricultural practices, which are essential for the long-term health of the environment.
Indigenous breeds are typically raised in free-range environments, which align with sustainable and eco-friendly farming methods. Free-range farming reduces the reliance on synthetic feeds and fertilizers, helping to preserve soil and water quality. Additionally, it promotes better animal welfare, allowing cows to engage in natural behaviors, leading to healthier animals and better-quality milk.
Globally, the demand for A2 milk is rising as people become more health-conscious. Countries like New Zealand and Australia have already established strong markets for A2 milk. While the FSSAI’s initial regulation posed a potential challenge for India’s A2 milk market, the withdrawal of this notification now allows the country to continue leveraging its natural advantage in this area. This is especially important as India produces 90% of its milk from native breeds that naturally produce A2 milk, providing a unique opportunity to capture a larger share of the global market.
The Indian government has long recognized the value of indigenous breeds, and programs like the Rashtriya Gokul Mission and the National Dairy Plan reflect a commitment to enhancing the productivity of native breeds and ensuring the sustainability of the dairy sector. These efforts are vital for preserving India’s rich dairy heritage and supporting the rural economy.
However, the FSSAI’s brief foray into removing A2 labels highlighted the delicate balance needed between regulatory measures and supporting niche markets like A2 milk. While the withdrawal of the notification is a positive step, it also serves as a reminder of the importance of ongoing dialogue between all stakeholders, farmers, policymakers, and consumers—to navigate the challenges of promoting sustainable dairy practices that are both environmentally friendly and economically viable.
Source:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=VaAT2AwMACpr_9_j&v=SgHfphUbwiA&feature=youtu.be